Name Region Volume (24h) Fees Fiat money Pairs Top pairs Features News
Seychelles 978,347.96 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.1%
0.032%
102 (37%)
(24%)
(13%)
Futures contract
(250x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Crypto market crash in October marked end of ‘easy yield’ era: BitMEX
Unknown 749,362.40 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.0153%
671 (29%)
(18%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
British-Virgin-Islands 149,533.30 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%


1185 (32%)
(19%)
(16%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
SRX listed on BTSE
Unknown 143,417.89 BTC
0.1%
0%




And much more...
2545 (24%)
(14%)
(7%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
Flow has quietly restored exchange services across Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, HTX, and others after the December exploit
Seychelles 62,538.98 BTC 0.2% 256 (80%)
(10%)
(2%)
Patos Meme Coin Listing on Azbit (SPOT) Exchange (CoinGabbar Report)
Canada 61,839.40 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1303 (56%)
(16%)
(14%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Biconomy Exchange to List Patos: Top 30 CEX Confirms Listing
Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines 59,125.45 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0.006%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
592 (35%)
(25%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Surviving the Capitulation: How Bitunix’s Dual-Price Mechanism Protects You from Unfair Crypto Liquidations
Singapore 54,187.85 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
352 (73%)
(15%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Trapped funds on Pionex global site - inconsistent policy
Hong-Kong 50,659.79 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1133 (38%)
(11%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
15% fee discount
LBank Unveils New Year Crypto Campaign
Cayman-Islands 50,139.69 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.0338%
1108 (68%)
(8%)
(1%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
🎙️ Great conversation today at The Capital Summit. Our global CEO Nenter Chow @50Nent represented BitMart Exchange to join this incredible panel on “Beyond Tokens: The Shift to Ownership & Exits.”
Panama 48,501.08 BTC
Maker
0.03%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0%
15 (82%)
(13%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
TRON Daily Report – 2026-01-22: TRX Consolidates Near $0.30 as MetaMask Integration & Deribit Options Bolster Utility Rails
Singapore 47,616.66 BTC
0.2%
0.01%
468 (61%)
(8%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
BYDFi or CoinW? Looking for the path of least resistance
Singapore 46,151.88 BTC
Maker
0.06%
0.02%
Taker
0.07%
0.06%
1003 (54%)
(10%)
(4%)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
Bitrue Launches 200,000 XRP Trading Event to Mark Start of 2026
United-Arab-Emirates 44,032.43 BTC
0.2%
0.02%
1652 (37%)
(12%)
(2%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
Singapore 42,769.14 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
470 (43%)
(30%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
RWAMP Launches Initial Exchange Offering on Coinstore: Digital Ownership Backed by Real-World Assets
Australia 40,933.54 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0125%
Taker
0.2%
0.0375%
422 (39%)
(19%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Has anyone had their Hotcoin account suspended for 'frequent orders'?
Seychelles 37,957.13 BTC
Maker
0%
0%
Taker
0.01%
0%
2618 (37%)
(21%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
XRP Ledger Launches Permissioned DEX For Regulated Institutions On Mainnet | MEXC News
Cayman-Islands 36,247.83 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


4641 (50%)
(15%)
(2%)
20% fee discount
Indonesia 35,918.20 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.1%
Taker
0.21%
0.11%

41 (52%)
(18%)
(8%)
Review Aplikasi Reku
Hong-Kong 29,895.49 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.005%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


1140 (38%)
(26%)
(4%)
Kucoin very worst exchange (x-post from /r/Bitcoin)
Singapore 29,255.87 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.3%
0.044%


605 (41%)
(24%)
(18%)
Seychelles 29,014.09 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.006%
Taker
0.2%
0.03%
904 (57%)
(17%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Official Apology statement from Toobit
Seychelles 28,485.49 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
359 (38%)
(18%)
(18%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Singapore 28,378.00 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
623 (41%)
(9%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
$30,000 Deposit
Rewards
[ZEC/USDT] TD Sequential 9-Count Complete - Trend Exhaustion Setup (Bybit 15m)
United-States-of-America 28,304.62 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.05%


497 (39%)
(15%)
(9%)
Margin trading
Stop orders
API sandbox
Coinbase Delivers on Q4 Financial Outlook, Doubles Total Trading Volume and Crypto Trading Volume Market Share in 2025
Singapore 25,582.04 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.08%
787 (50%)
(18%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Estonia 23,923.86 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.035%

773 (31%)
(10%)
(5%)
Margin trading WhiteBIT banned in Russia as “undesirable”. Russia’s Prosecutor General said the platform backed Ukraine-linked fundraising, triggering a nationwide halt under the law on undesirable organizations.
South-Korea 23,130.38 BTC
0.25%
0.05%

695 (13%)
(11%)
(10%)
XRP Withdrawals Surge: Upbit Sees New Record High
Canada 22,481.41 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.006%
797 (40%)
(23%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
BVOX New User Campaign Is Now Live – Don’t Miss Your Exclusive Rewards!
Seychelles 20,809.03 BTC
Maker
0.18%
-0.01%
Taker
0.36%
0.03%


745 (34%)
(19%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
OKX $200 New user bonus
Singapore 20,469.59 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%
720 (41%)
(34%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
We are 3rd in top 10 gain on ascendex exchange
Estonia 19,212.94 BTC 0.15%
156 (22%)
(18%)
(13%)
Cape will be listed on indoex and BTSE on 27 Feb!
Seychelles 18,172.36 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.016%
Taker
0.1%
0.0256%


731 (45%)
(10%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
📢 Bitget Weekly Updates: Highlights from the Past Week 👑
Seychelles 17,459.88 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0094%
Taker
0.2%
0.0163%


662 (16%)
(8%)
(3%)
20% fee discount Flow has quietly restored exchange services across Binance, Coinbase, Kraken, HTX, and others after the December exploit
United-States-of-America 17,093.95 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.001%


1434 (14%)
(13%)
(11%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Margin trading
Dark pool
BitGo Instant
Kraken Listing by 2026?
Lithuania 15,877.67 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.1%

151 (27%)
(27%)
(15%)
P2B сryptocurrency exchange | Buy and sell Bitcoin, Ether on the crypto trading platform
Singapore 15,731.66 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
988 (44%)
(15%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
BingX TradFi Suite: Bringing Global Markets to Crypto Traders
Unknown 15,138.99 BTC
0.15%
0.05%

120 (66%)
(19%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
BitDelta is thrilled to announce the official listing of the metaverse gaming token $ATOZ from the @racekingdom_io project on our spot exchange platform. Dive into trading and immerse yourself in the gaming experience!
Panama 14,089.99 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.005%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%

958 (42%)
(17%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
💪 Poloniex exchange announces support for the upcoming eCash (XEC) network upgrade! ⚙️
United-States-of-America 9,581.71 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.01%
342 (56%)
(17%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Cayman-Islands 9,482.04 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%
489 (37%)
(18%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Blofin Review
Singapore 9,406.13 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%

620 (35%)
(10%)
(6%)
Margin trading TradFi Futures Are Moving to Crypto Exchanges: How Phemex Enables 24/7 Trading Across Gold, Silver, and Digital Assets
South-Korea 8,643.01 BTC
0.25%
0%
448 (16%)
(14%)
(9%)
South Korea Exchange Bithumb Admits System Flaws Caused $40 Billion Bitcoin Error
Singapore 8,107.19 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.06%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%
259 (48%)
(13%)
(10%)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
Hacker steals $27 million in BigONE exchange crypto breach
United-Kingdom 7,188.66 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.55%
0.02%

88 (53%)
(17%)
(13%)
Another Exchange „TrubitPro“ listed CKB
United-Kingdom 7,093.76 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.006%



297 (60%)
(6%)
(5%)
Stop order
Ripple gateway
BitGo Instant
Bitstamp fait des contrôles de KYC ou essaie de voler nos fonds ?
British-Virgin-Islands 6,673.99 BTC 0%

238 (44%)
(20%)
(10%)
Margin trading
BitGo Instant
$871M+ in Stablecoin Whale Activity — Feb 14, 2026 | Tether, Bitfinex, Binance, Kraken All Making Major Moves
Spain 4,976.20 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.001%



310 (39%)
(15%)
(13%)
ODDO BHF Launches EUROD Euro-Backed Stablecoin on Bit2Me Crypto Exchange
Singapore 4,939.79 BTC
0.3%
0.1%
622 (57%)
(5%)
(1%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Coinbase, BYDFi, or Binance? Need honest suggestion.
Netherlands 4,844.79 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%


448 (42%)
(13%)
(6%)
[OFFER] Bitvavo - 75 € Total - 50 € from them and 25 € from me (EEA)
South-Korea 4,120.42 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
394 (85%)
(6%)
(1%)
Margin trading Coinbase to Invest in South Korean Crypto Exchange Coinone
Poland 3,201.31 BTC
Maker
0.49%
0%
Taker
0.98%
0.04%
1228 (67%)
(16%)
(10%)
$50 credit Another major exchange (LATOKEN) has decided to list both Zano and fUSD!
Estonia 1,984.41 BTC 0.2% 60 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
BitsPay Exchange will list Patos Meme Coin | 4th Cex Confirmation in 24 days (1 per 6 days avg)
Turkey 1,927.52 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.35%
0.06%

264 (6%)
(4%)
(3%)
Ukraine 1,920.44 BTC 0.2%
121 (33%)
(16%)
(11%)
United-States-of-America 1,573.09 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.03%

397 (18%)
(18%)
(18%)
API sandbox Is Gemini Shutting Down? Share Falls 85%, CXOs Exit, Ends Operations in UK, EU, Australia
Unknown 1,464.02 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.25%
0.04%
1080 (36%)
(17%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
[FORENSIC DATA] Deep Dive into the Alleged Changelly/HitBTC Nexus.
Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis 1,417.61 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.031%
Taker
0.5%
0.031%

650 (38%)
(18%)
(6%)
BCH market
Margin trading
Futures contract
(75x leverage)
Turkey 1,378.71 BTC
Maker
0.12%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%

351 (6%)
(6%)
(5%)
Nuovo furto BTCTurk hot wallet: sottratti 48 milioni di dollari in Turchia
Malta 1,377.60 BTC
0.1%
0.01%

157 (39%)
(18%)
(7%)
Crypto exchange CrossTower inks deal to acquire prime brokerage Bequant
United-Kingdom 1,364.19 BTC
Maker
0.3%
-0.05%
Taker
0.3%
0.02%




And much more...
187 (14%)
(8%)
(8%)
Beware exmocryptoexchange.com and random friend requests if you belong to a travel group
Hong-Kong 1,273.45 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.04%

1432 (25%)
(12%)
(4%)
Margin trading
Stop Limit
Futures contract
7.5% fee discount
CoinEx Monthly Spotlights (Jan 2026)
Chile 1,261.62 BTC
Maker
0.28%
0.04%
Taker
0.59%
0.06%


119 (42%)
(20%)
(7%)
Seychelles 1,251.34 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
342 (43%)
(20%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Indonesia 1,192.63 BTC
Maker
0.31%
0.246%
Taker
0.31%
0.258%

986 (8%)
(3%)
(2%)
Indodax vs Tokocrypto vs Pintu: Mana exchange terbaik untuk pemula?
Japan 886.88 BTC
0.1%
0.03%
8 (72%)
(22%)
(4%)
Margin trading
(15x leverage)
Bitflyer services some facts to learn
Thailand 738.65 BTC 0.25%
248 (47%)
(26%)
(7%)
Bangkok Bank has frozen my account after another incoming transfer from Bitkub, claiming it was done at the request of the police.
Singapore 723.50 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.06%
195 (32%)
(29%)
(10%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Liquidity and Trading Options: BTCC vs Deepcoin - Which Exchange Offers More?
Switzerland 711.14 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.0263%
495 (4%)
(4%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Japan 707.56 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0%
25 (90%)
(6%)
(2%)
Interest on deposit Coincheck Group Acquires 3iQ for $112M, Bolstering Global Digital Asset Reach
Argentina 701.39 BTC 0.1% 15 (50%)
(28%)
(7%)
EHOLD Group Acquires Argentinian Crypto Exchange C-Patex Newcryptocurrencynews.com
Japan 537.61 BTC
0.12%
-0.02%
62 (38%)
(26%)
(15%)
United-Arab-Emirates 484.68 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.018%
52 (40%)
(33%)
(18%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
Disappointed with the Helix Stadium Backpack
Japan 462.87 BTC
0.05%
-0.01%
18 (43%)
(29%)
(16%)
Margin trading
Unknown 446.10 BTC
0.2%
0.06%
347 (32%)
(15%)
(4%)
No KYC required NonKyc.io just launched the first ZANO/FUSD pair
Mexico 420.28 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.04%
Taker
0.65%
0.05%


99 (37%)
(14%)
(12%)
Compra de Bitcoin en exchange que no sea Bitso
India 374.48 BTC 0.25%
287 (18%)
(10%)
(7%)
Thailand 354.54 BTC
0.25%
0.1%

578 (41%)
(12%)
(6%)
United-States-of-America 284.46 BTC
Maker
0.38%
0%
Taker
0.57%
0.0475%
204 (20%)
(17%)
(15%)
South-Africa 218.45 BTC
Maker
0%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%

164 (70%)
(8%)
(5%)
VALR recently completed a Proof of Reserves audit:
Taiwan 154.07 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%

35 (38%)
(21%)
(11%)
BitoPro exchange links Lazarus hackers to $11 million crypto heist
South-Africa 153.24 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.03%


134 (17%)
(16%)
(10%)
Luno Trade 200 and receive 75 in BTC
Australia 142.33 BTC
0.5%
0.02%
164 (49%)
(15%)
(4%)
Brazil 138.26 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.02%
Taker
0.5%
0.15%


136 (52%)
(15%)
(5%)
Brazil 122.45 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.015%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%


593 (51%)
(22%)
(21%)
Brazil 112.56 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0.015%
Taker
0.7%
0.25%


369 (38%)
(19%)
(14%)
India 88.50 BTC 0.2%
106 (32%)
(30%)
(30%)
ARK added to Bitcoiva exchange
South-Korea 62.66 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.15%
0.05%
5 (40%)
(38%)
(20%)
BitGo Instant Mirae Asset to Acquire 92% Stake in Korbit
Brazil 62.37 BTC
0.2%
0%


164 (41%)
(27%)
(26%)
Cadastro via PIX
Australia 38.11 BTC
0.2%
-0.05%

44 (40%)
(35%)
(10%)
India 38.07 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.008%
Taker
0.5%
0.035%

410 (42%)
(11%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
Can we trade USA stocks from India on crypto exchanges (perpetual btw) . CoinDCX mobile version is there but asking for web based platform
Canada 37.54 BTC 0.2%
75 (28%)
(26%)
(17%)
KYC at its best! Don't blame NDAX though, they just followed regulations
Brazil 24.81 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.12%


86 (21%)
(13%)
(13%)
Pagamento de
boletos
Panama 24.45 BTC
5%
0%




And much more...
65 (29%)
(15%)
(13%)
No KYC required
Reputation system
Escrow
10% fee discount
Brazil 22.98 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%



35 (56%)
(19%)
(13%)
India 22.67 BTC
0.25%
0.03%

224 (35%)
(30%)
(11%)
Bitbns withdrawal or transfer to anyother exchanges
Estonia 21.07 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.01%


178 (20%)
(12%)
TMP(11%)
Zondacrypto, the cryptocurrency exchange, extends its partnership with Pogoń Szczecin for another year.
Czech-Republic 17.38 BTC
Maker
0.4%
-0.04%
Taker
0.6%
0.1%

15 (66%)
(12%)
(10%)
New Scam Exchange coinmate.global
United-Arab-Emirates 16.46 BTC 0.1% 18 (47%)
(12%)
(8%)
Kinesis gold and silver tradeable on Emirex exchange https://www.valuewalk.com/kinesis-gold-and-silver-tradeable-on-emirex-exchange/
South-Korea 12.22 BTC 0.2%
136 (25%)
(23%)
(13%)
Binance has reportedly completed its acquisition of local crypto exchange Gopax - BINANCE BACK IN SOUTH KOREA!
United-States-of-America 11.87 BTC 0.1%
4 (94%)
(5%)
(0%)
Netherlands 6.98 BTC 0.8%
1 (100%)
Nigeria 6.53 BTC
0.3%
0.1%

49 (27%)
(20%)
(15%)
Isle-of-Man 6.30 BTC 1%
2 (98%)
(1%)
Credit/Debit cards final post - would it be better living in the UK to start buying bitcoin (1£ a day) with CoinCorner or Strike ? After had my first bitcoin video call with David at Reli.
Japan 4.35 BTC
0.3%
0%
35 (48%)
(43%)
(3%)
United-Kingdom 3.50 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%



337 (14%)
(14%)
(12%)
Margin trading
GHS Trading
Cloud Mining
Credit/Debit cards
Chile 2.80 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0.1%
Taker
0.8%
0.2%
7 (95%)
(2%)
(2%)
India 2.36 BTC
0.4%
0.1%

497 (44%)
(7%)
(5%)
Stop Limit Madras High Court eclares crypto as "property". Case against WazirX. Zanmai/WazirX must preserve holdings of users.
Thailand 2.06 BTC 0.25%
55 (56%)
(22%)
(7%)
Italy 1.48 BTC 0%

10 (63%)
(17%)
(7%)
OneTrading is reaching out that they have some funds for me
Croatia 1.11 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.05%


49 (49%)
(19%)
(16%)
Stop limit Croatian exchange BitKonan will stick to Core developers: There is only one Bitcoin
India 0.44 BTC
0.3%
0.2%

189 (28%)
(27%)
(7%)
United-Kingdom 0.43 BTC 0%
5 (43%)
(27%)
(27%)
Bittylicious Thailand - NOW LIVE
United-Kingdom 0.02 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.06%

23 (97%)
(2%)
(0%)
Margin trading
Brazil 0.01 BTC
0.5%
0.1%

66 (59%)
(10%)
(6%)
Digitracom
New-Zealand 0.00 BTC
0.8%
0.4%
1 (100%) Floating Orders Kiwi-Coin (Est. 2014) Shuts Jan 1, 2026 - NZ OG BTC Exchange Latest De-Risking Casualty
Germany 0.00 BTC 0.4% 87 (41%)
(29%)
(14%)
Yenten on Exbitron
Brazil 0.00 BTC 0.12%
1 (100%)
Unknown 0 BTC 0.2% 42 No KYC required
Slovenia 0 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.01%
Taker
0.5%
0.03%


0 Mining What are you guys doing with NiceHash payouts? Hold, sell, or DCA into other coins?
Indonesia 0 BTC
Maker
0.21%
0.2%
Taker
0.31%
0.3%

496 Indodax vs Tokocrypto vs Pintu: Mana exchange terbaik untuk pemula?
Australia 0 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%
97 Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Brazil 0 BTC 0% 44 CONHEÇA A MOEDA B2U Coin | a criptomoeda da Exchange Bitcointoyou - Dicas sobre Bitcoin - mais rápido rápido
Brazil 0 BTC 0.2%
1 One Of The Largest Brazilian Banks Bradesco Shuts Down Accounts Of Crypto Exchange Bitblue
127 exchanges from 42 countries (updated )